A na-emepụta ụdị ihe ọhụrụ a na-efesa nke na-eji nchịkọta na-esighị ike na simenti nwere ihe mgbakwunye pụrụ iche iji mee ka ike sie ike nke ihe ahụ na Europe.
A maara dị ka "shotcrete" ọ chọtara ngwa ngwa na-abawanye dị ka ụzọ isi na-akwado ala maka ihe gwupụtara n'okpuru ala na Europe na North America.
Ojiji ya na ogbunigwe n'okpuru ala abụwo nnwale nke ukwuu.Achọpụtara na enwere ike iji ya dochie anya ụzọ ndị ọzọ nke nkwado ala n'okpuru ọnọdụ ala dị n'okpuru ala ma na n'okpuru ọnọdụ ọjọọ, dị ka talc schist na oke mmiri, ọ gaghị ekwe omume itinye ya nke ọma.
A na-atụ anya na iji shotcrete eme ihe dị ka ụzọ nkwado ala na ogbunigwe n'okpuru ala ga-abawanye.Simenti fesa na ụdị ihe mgbakwunye rọba na-aga n'ihu nke nwere ike ịbawanye ohere nke ngwa ya.Ihe fesa nke jikọtara ya na ntupu waya na-achọtala ngwa ka ukwuu n'ime ihe gwupụtara n'okpuru ala.
Ngwa nke Shotcrete
E nwere ụzọ abụọ nke ịgwakọta keadighi rarii-mkpokọta shotcrete, ya bụ mgbochi mmiri-mix na akọrọ-mix gụnyere ịgwakọta niile ihe mejupụtara na mmiri na pumping na oké ngwakọta site nnyefe sooks na nozulu, ebe ọzọ ikuku na-kwukwara na na. a na-efesa ihe n'elu isiokwu ahụ.Usoro akọrọ-xix na-enye ohere iwebata ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa n'ozuzu admixtures nke mmiri soluble, si otú a na-eme ka usoro hydration dịkwuo elu.Emepụtala ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa nke na-enyere kọnkịrị aka ịrapara n'elu nkume na ịkwanye n'okpuru nnukwu mmiri.
Emebebeghị igwe igwe na-agwakọta mmiri ruo n'ogo ebe ha nwere ike ijikwa mkpokọta ndị buru ibu karịa 3/4. A na-eji ụdị igwe ndị a eme ihe maka nkwụsi ike n'okpuru ala kama ịkwado nkwado na ala dara ogbenye.Amachine nke ụdị a bụ ezi egbe-All Model H, nke ụlọ ọrụ na-egwuputa ihe na-ekesa, bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ngwa n'okpuru ala ebe mkpuchi dị mkpa nke ihe ruru 2in.buru ibu na inwe mkpokọta ihe dịka 1/2 inch. Oke kachasị achọrọ maka ọnọdụ akọrọ.
Ọrụ Nkwado nke Shortcrete
Enwere ike iji Shotcrete mee ihe dị ka ihe nhazi ma ọ bụ nkwado na-abụghị nke nhazi.Nkume rọba na-adịghị ike na ala na-enweghị njikọ chọrọ ntinye nke usoro siri ike, nke ruru eru iji gbochie ala ahụ ka ọ ghara ịtọpụ na ịbanye n'ime oghere.Enwere ike nweta nke a site n'itinye inch 4 ma ọ bụ karịa nke shotcrete.
N'okwute ndị tozuru oke, enwere ike iji ya na nkwonkwo na mgbaji iji gbochie mmegharị obere okwute na-ebute nrụgide nkume na ọdịda.A na-etinye Shotcrete 2 ruo 4 n'ogologo na nkume ndị siri ike iji jupụta mgbawa na oghere iji mepụta elu nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ewepụghị mmetụta, ọ bụ naanị ngwa dị mkpa ka achọrọ n'elu ebe dị nro.N'okwu a, matriks kọmpụta nwere njikọ chiri anya na-arụ ọrụ dị ka gluu iji jide igodo na wedges na-akwado nnukwu nkume na n'ikpeazụ oghere ọwara.Ụdị ngwa a bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na Sweden, ebe imewe nkwado ọwara nke dabeere na shotcrete na-ewu ewu nke ukwuu n'ihi ịdị irè ya na ọnụ ala dị ala.
A nwekwara ike iji shotcrete n'ụdị mpempe akwụkwọ dị mkpa iji chebe elu nkume ndị e gwupụtara ọhụrụ site na mwakpo na mmebi nke ikuku na mmiri.N'ụdị a, ọ bụ memebrane na-agbanwe agbanwe na-aga n'ihu nke nrụgide ikuku nwere ike ime dị ka nkwado.
Ntụnyere Gunite na Shotcrete
Shotcrete gbara agba dị iche na nke agwakọtara na etinyere gunite n'ihi na shotcrete bụ ezigbo kọmpụta nke nwere coare (ihe ruru 1.25 in) n'ime mkpokọta ya, ebe gunite na-abụkarị ụrọ simenti.Shotcrete dị iche na gunite na ngwa na ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ ndị a:
1) The gunite na-emekarị na-etolite a mkpa mkpuchi nkume, ma shotcrete ma ọ bụrụ na etinye ya ozugbo mgbe blasting ga-enye ma a akara na a nkwado kwụsie ike ọhụrụ nkume elu.The ike shotcrete-rock njikọ a na-eche na ọ bụ n'ihi na omume nke pụrụ iche mepụtara accelerating admixtures nke na-adịghị ekwe ka ihe ahụ slough pụọ n'elu nkume elu mmetụta peening nke nnukwu mkpokọta ahụ na finer ahụ na imewe nke. igwe shortcreting eji.
2) Shotcrete na-eji nnukwu (ihe ruru 1.25 in) nchịkọta nke nwere ike jikọta ya na ciment na ájá na mmiri dị n'ime ya na-enweghị ihicha dị oke ọnụ nke a na-achọkarị na gunite.Enwere ike itinye ya na ọkpụrụkpụ ruru 6 inch n'otu ngafe, ebe a na-amachi gunite ka ọ bụrụ ọkpụrụkpụ nke na-erughị 1 inch.Ya mere, shotcrete na-aghọ ngwa ngwa na-akwado nkwado siri ike yana onye na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ sie ike na-emeghe ala.
3) The accelerating admixtures eji na shotcreting enyemaka ya na ọbọ a nkekọ na nkume, n'agbanyeghị na shotcrete nwere ike n'ezie na-adịghị ike karịa ot ihe nke yiri mix n'ike-n'ike ma na-erughị accelerator.A naghị egbochi mmiri ma mara ya site na ike mmalite dị elu (ihe dị ka 200 psi n'otu awa), n'ihi na ọ bụghị naanị na admixtures kamakwa n'ókè nke compaction natara site na mmetụta ọsọ nke 250-500ft.kwa sk.na oke mmiri / ciment dị ala (ihe dịka 0.35).Shotcrete, nke nwere ihe mgbakwunye pụrụ iche, nwere ike gbanwee okwute nke obere ike ka ọ bụrụ nke kwụsiri ike, na ike na-adịghị ike na nkume rọba nke a fesara na ya nwere ike ịnọgide na-eguzosi ike site na naanị sentimita ole na ole nke nkwado shotcrete.N'ihi ihe ndị na-akpụ akpụ ya, shotcrete nwere ike ịkwado nrụrụ dị ukwuu n'ime ọnwa ma ọ bụ afọ na-enweghị ọdịda site na mgbawa.
Oge nzipu: Jul-02-2021